Questões - FACULDADE CIÊNCIAS MÉDICAS | Gabarito e resoluções

(FCM PB - 2015/2) An Italian Navy ship on Wednesday rescued 290 desperate Eritrean migrants from a rickety boat on the Mediterranean, as they attempted to reach safer shores in Europe. CNNs Christiane Amanpour was onboard the frigate as it conducted the operation, just one of several carried out by the Navy today. It is people taking their lives in their hands, getting on these boats, Amanpour told. Theyve either been peddled a bunch of lies from the human traffickers, who advertise that this is a comfortable and reliable trip from Libyan ports across the Mediterranean, when of course it isnt, or they just basically say to themselves as the gentleman told me, you know, I would rather risk this than death at home. More than 35,000 migrants have arrived in Italy via the Mediterranean this year alone, and the numbers continue to climb, says the International Organization for Migration. Most are Eritrean, but they come from all over Africa and Syria. At least 1,826 migrants have died in the Mediterranean so far this year, many times more than had perished during the same period last year. We did see one of those who tried to get across to safety in this small, rickety boat was dead on arrival, Amanpour reported. And three others were taken to the helicopter on the island of Lampedusa. So they were given emergency care there. The rest will be staying on board until they can be offloaded at Lampedusa, or somewhere else, and then processed on land. Europe has come under severe criticism for not taking the humanitarian crisis more seriously. After a series of disasters last month, the EU has stepped up funding. But critics still say that countries are approaching the problem too militaristically; the EU on Monday agreed to set up a naval mission to go after the gangs that facilitate the perilous crossing. Italy has borne the brunt of the rescue mission as Europe struggle to deal with an influx of refugees and migrants braving unimaginable conditions at sea. Its an extraordinarily complex process. It takes quite a long time to rescue boat of 300 people. They have to make sure that theres nothing hostile on board. Then all the naval personnel suit up in white hazardous material suits with masks and gloves -- we all had to do the same thing -- in order to make sure that you dont get contaminated by any potential disease, any illness. The weather is good today, and that attracted some of these migrants. It may not get so good tomorrow, and people are quite concerned that migrants might set off from Libya, and then find themselves in very hostile, unfriendly, and swelling seas in these terrible boats. (Adapted from: http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/20/world/) Choose theappropriatequestion tag for the following sentence: But critics still say that countries are approaching the problem too militaristically, ____________?

(Faculdade de Cincias Mdicas da Paraba (Medicina) - 2015/1) KINECT AYUDA A LA REHABILITACIN DE PACIENTES CON ESCLEROSIS MLTIPLE Kinect podr servir paraayudar a la rehabilitacin de pacientes con esclerosis mltiple. El sistema basado en Kinect Virtualrehab combinado con la terapia tradicional ha demostrado tenerresultados efectivos en un estudio de la Fundacin Vasca de Esclerosis Mltiple Eugenia Epalza y el departamento de Neurologa de la Universidad de Navarra. El estudio se llev a cabo con 20 pacientes de Esclerosis Mltiple 2 veces por semana durante 4 meses. De ellos, el 13 por ciento experiment unamejora en su escala de independencia funcional, el 40 por ciento mejor el equilibrio segn la escala Berg y el 20 por ciento obtuvo una mejora en la escala Tinetti, que valora el equilibrio y la marcha. Adems, el47 por cientode los pacientes mejor su nivel de fatiga. La investigacin seala otros resultados interesantes, con un 27 por ciento de pacientes y un 13 por ciento de pacientes experimentandomejoras en su estado de ansiedad y depresin respectivamente, segn la escala HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Con respecto al juego en s, el100 por cien de los pacientes mejoraron el tiempo en finalizar los juegos, 86 por ciento mejoraron su propia puntuacin y un 85 por ciento mejoraron su porcentaje de aciertos en las dianas. VirtualRehab es un producto para la rehabilitacin fsica de pacientes con enfermedades neurolgicasbasado en tecnologa Kinect para Xbox 360 de Microsoft. Permite al fisioterapeuta planificar las sesiones para trabajar las diferentes funciones afectadas atravs de diferentes videojuegosa los que el paciente juega con el sensor Kinect para Xbox 360. Los resultados obtenidos se presentarn en el8 Congreso Mundial de Neurorrehabilitacin de Estambuldel 8 al 12 de abril y muestran una notable mejora en varias funciones, especialmente en equilibrio esttico y dinmico, en el nivel de fatiga y en el grado de independencia funcional. Asimismo, Virtualrehab no slo est dirigido a esclerosis mltiple sino a otros tipos de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, neuromusculares y cerebrovasculares, como Parkinson, dao cerebral, Alzheimer, distrofias, e incluso tercera edad. Hasta la fecha, VirtualRehab tiene registradasms de 5200 sesiones de juego, y ms de 500 horas de juego realizadasy ha sido avalado recientemente por la Sociedad Espaola de Neurologa (SEN) Esto forma parte delEfecto Kinect, un proyecto que ana varias iniciativas que empezaron hace ya varios aos en el mbito sanitario, educativo, artstico y en marketing. (http://www.europapress.es/portaltic/videojuegos/) Observe los tiempos verbales conjugados y marque la secuencia correcta: Presente Pretrito Futuro

(FCM PB - 2015/1) El Papa, en el Parlamento Europeo: Ha llegado el momento de abandonar la idea de una Europa atemorizada El Papa Francisco ha manifestado ante el Parlamento Europeo la impresin general de cansancio y envejecimiento, de una Europa anciana, que ya no es frtil ni vivaz. Por eso ha llamado a una Europa envejecida y reducida a queredescubra su alma buena y que no gire en torno a la economa. El Papa Francisco inst a una Europa envejecida y reducida a que redescubra su alma buena y que no gire en torno a la economa en el discurso pronunciado ante el Parlamento Europeo en Estrasburgo (Francia). Ha llegado el momento de abandonar la idea de una Europa atemorizada, dijo el pontfice ante la representacin de los ciudadanos de la Unin Europea (UE) a la que record que el mundo es ahora menos eurocntrico. El papa Bergoglio envi un mensaje de aliento a los europeos y record que en la historia reciente del continente la palabra dignidad ha sido clave para explicar el proceso de recuperacin de la segunda posguerra. El papa argentino detect en su discurso lo que calific de impresin general de cansancio y envejecimiento, de una Europa anciana, que ya no es frtil ni vivaz por lo que pidi que se abra a lo que denomin la dimensin transcendente de la vida. (http://www.elimparcial.es/noticia) En relacin al ttulo del texto tenemos El Papa, en el Parlamento Europeo: Ha llegadoel momento de abandonar la idea de una Europa atemorizada. Lo trmino subrayado es:

(FCM-PB) O paladar um dos cinco sentidos do corpo humano. Relaciona-se com a capacidade de reconhecer os gostos de substncias. O sabor representa uma mistura de sensaes de paladar e olfato alm de sensaes tteis decorrentes da consistncia dos alimentos. A sensibilidade a todos os paladares distribuda por toda a lngua, porm algumas reas so mais responsivas a certos paladares que outras. Considerando o tema abordado acima, analise as afirmaes seguintes: I. As clulas sensoriais responsveis pelo paladar localizam-se na boca e agrupadas formam as papilas gustatrias, distribudas por sobre a lngua e palato duro. II. As papilas gustatrias so classificadas em quatro tipos: circunvaladas, fungiformes, foliceas e filiformes. III. Os botes gustativos podem ser encontrados nas papilas fungiformes, foliceas e circunvaladas. IV. As papilas foliceas relacionam-se apenas s sensaes tteis. correto apenas o que se afirma em:

(FCM - PB - 2014/2) La expresin Cuando en la publicidad tiene el valor semntico:

(FCM PB - 2013/2) Existe la protena de la felicidad? Qu nos hace felices? La familia? Los amigos? El dinero? El amor? Segn cientficos de la Universidad de California (UCLA), al menos a nivel qumico todo est en manos de un pptido que acta como neurotransmisor y que recibe el nombre de hipocretina. Tal y como publican los investigadores en Nature Communications, la concentracin de este pptido aumenta cuando nos sentimos felices mientras que disminuye cuando nos encontramos tristes y abatidos. Los experimentos llevados a cabo midiendo los niveles de hipocretinaen ocho pacientes mientras vean la televisin, interactuaban con otros sujetos, coman, etc. mostraron que los niveles de hipocretina eran mximos cuando se experimentaban emociones positivas, as como en interacciones sociales y en situaciones que suscitaban enfado. Adems, este pptido siempre se asociaba con el estado de vigilia. Por otro lado, los cientficos aseguran haber comprobado que, en su ausencia, dejamos de buscar la sensacin de placer. Anormalidades en la activacin de este sistema podran contribuir a diversos trastornos psiquitricos, concluye Jerome Siegel, coautor del estudio. Actualmente se usan antagonistas de la hipocretina como pldoras para dormir, lo que, segn se desprende del nuevo trabajo, adems de cambiar los patrones de sueo podra alterar negativamente el estado de nimo. De hecho,Siegel y sus colegas estn convencidos que administrar directamente hipocretina a humanos podra mejorar el estado de nimo y los niveles de alerta. Dicho de otro modo, esta protena podra convertirse en la pldora de la felicidad. (http://www.muyinteresante.es/salud/) En los verbos subrayados en la frase [] en ocho pacientes mientrasveanla televisin,interactuabancon otros sujetos,coman, etc [], estn conjugados correctamente en el tiempo:

(FCM PB - 2013/2) When it comes to living a healthy, active lifestyle, the cards are stacked against many Americans. Environmental barriers prevent people from being able to easily make healthy choices and this often leads to obesity. The Leadership for Healthy Communities outlines key environmental factors that contribute to the obesity epidemic. Ten are listed below: 1. Lack of access to healthy, fresh, affordable foods; 2. Prevalence of cheap, high fat, processed foods and sugary, highly caloric beverages; 3. Higher rates of snacking at home, school and in the work place; 4. Larger portion sizes; 5. Abundance of Marketing for Unhealthy Foods and Beverages; 6. Sedentary lifestyles; 7. Social and cultural norms prioritizing ownership and convenience of technological goods; 8. Communities are not designed for active transportation; 9. Lack of safe areas for physical activity; 10. Lack of awareness surrounding healthy eating and active living. (Source: Adapted from TED Med http://www.tedmed.com/greatchallenges/challenge/) Choose theappropriatequestion tag for the following sentence: Environmental barriers prevent people from being able to easily make healthy choices, ____________?

(FCM PB - 2012/2) Researchers from Brazilian museum Emlio Goeldi, in the northern state of Par, have launched an ambitious project: Making each of the thousands of animal and plant species that inhabit the Amazon forest available on the Internet. At the moment, the Center of Biodiversity has a list of some 3,000 species, from mammals to spiders, all of which are native to Par. In the new list, researchers want to include images and sounds of each species. The Amazon forest project is intended to eventually be expanded to include other Brazilian states, as well as neighboring countries, like Peru and Colombia. Even in groups which have been broadly studied, such as mammals and birds, about 10% of Amazonian species are still unknown. ―And there are lots more if you think of reptiles and amphibians‖, says biologist Ulisses Galatti, one of the projects coordinators. In addition to the website, the Goeldi Museum will publish a book named ―Species of the Millennium‖, which tallies the 130 new discoveries made by the museum researchers between 2000 and 2011. (Adapted from: Folha de So Paulo, Maio/2012) Choose theappropriatequestion tag for the following sentence: Researchers want to include images and sounds of each species, ____________?

(FCM - PB - 2012/1) El corazn humano genera tanta presin cuando bombea la sangre, que podra arrojarla hasta 10 metros de distancia. Con sus aproximadamente 300 gramos de peso, un corazn de un promedio de vida de 70 aos realiza un trabajo suficiente para subir cinco vagones cargados desde el nivel del mar hasta la cima del monte Everest. Adems, el corazn podra impulsar por las venas, en el tiempo mencionado, alrededor de 15 millones de litros de lquido. (FLORES y SILVA. Uno modular. In: www.quecurioso.com.ar.) [...] bombea lasangre[...] es un sustantivo que cambia de gnero en espaol. Seala la alternativa en que ocurre idntico fenmeno lingstico:

(FCMS - 2011) Observe as afirmativas abaixo, e, em seguida, marque a alternativa CORRETA: I - O bolo tem que crescer, para depois ser distribudo II - Ningum segura essa nao III - Brasil: ame-o ou deixe-o

(FCMS - 2011) A introduo da lavoura canavieira no nordeste brasileiro, remonta ao incio do sculo XVI,visando formalizar o chamado Antigo Sistema Colonial, que foi marcado por:

(FCMS - 2011) Varre, varre vassourinha, varre, varre a bandalheira, que o povo j est cansado, de viver nessa sujeira(...) A frase acima parte do jingle da campanha de Jnio Quadros, que foi eleito presidente da repblica nos anos 1960 em pleno ambiente:

(FCM PB - 2010) Crying baby and music dont usually go together, but interesting science starts with questions no one else thought to askin this case, what are the musical contours of a newborns cry? There had already been research on what sounds a fetus can hear in the womb and what effect that has right after birth, with several research teams finding that newborns prefer their mothers voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone a step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language. They recorded 2,500 cries of newborn babies, 30 French and 30 German, between 2 and 5 days old. The idea was to extend the existing findings about what sounds babies can perceivetheir native language, their mothers voiceto test what sounds they can create. Once the researchers had their recordings, they set to work analyzing the cries melodic qualities. Little babies produce wails that vary in pitch. Since most of us have heard only the cries of babies whose parents speak our language, we tend not to think twice about the pattern of pitch changes. But that is not what the scientists found. French babies tended to cry with a rising melody contour. The pitch changed from low to high, rising toward the end of words as well as phrases within a sentence. In contrast, the German babies cries had falling melodic contours. The pitch fell from high to low, which is consistent with the sound of Germans falling melody contour, from the accented high-pitch syllable at the start of a phrase or word to the lower pitch at the end of a phrase. There is, in short, a tendency for infants to utter melody contours similar to those perceived prenatally, write the scientists. The impressive finding of this study is that not only are [newborns] capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester, said the research leader. Contrary to orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants crying for seeding language development. It had been thought that babies cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture, since babies are anatomically identical. The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound, says researcher. This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. The idea of the study wasnt to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age. Thats when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But thats the beginning of true speech. Source: Newsweek (Adapted from: http://www.newsweek.com/id/221357, November/2009) Choose theappropriatequestion tag for the following sentence: Weve heard only the cries of babies whose parents speak our language, ____________?

(FCMS - 2009) Na primeira metade do sculo XIX, os EUA despontaram como o mais importante dos Estados que passaram por uma grande revoluo no sculo XVIII porque

(FCM -2006) No Brasil, uma das palavras de ordem do Manifesto Republicano de 1870 era Centralizao, desmembramento; descentralizao, unidade. A Constituio Federal de 1891 garantia a ideia da descentralizao. Faziam parte das disposies constitucionais, EXCETO: